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<H1>INS/INSB/INSW/INSD -- Input from Port to String</H1>

<PRE>
Opcode  Instruction    Clocks         Description

6C      INS r/m8,DX    15,pm=9*/29**  Input byte from port DX into ES:(E)DI
6D      INS r/m16,DX   15,pm=9*/29**  Input word from port DX into ES:(E)DI
6D      INS r/m32,DX   15,pm=9*/29**  Input dword from port DX into ES:(E)DI
6C      INSB           15,pm=9*/29**  Input byte from port DX into ES:(E)DI
6D      INSW           15,pm=9*/29**  Input word from port DX into ES:(E)DI
6D      INSD           15,pm=9*/29**  Input dword from port DX into ES:(E)DI
</PRE>

<EM>
<H3>Notes</H3>
<PRE>
   *If CPL <= IOPL
  **If CPL > IOPL or if in virtual 8086 mode
</PRE>
</EM>

<H2>Operation</H2>

<PRE>
IF AddressSize = 16
THEN use DI for dest-index;
ELSE (* AddressSize = 32 *)
   use EDI for dest-index;
FI;
IF (PE = 1) AND ((VM = 1) OR (CPL > IOPL))
THEN (* Virtual 8086 mode, or protected mode with CPL > IOPL *)
   IF NOT I-O-Permission (SRC, width(SRC))
   THEN #GP(0);
   FI;
FI;
IF byte type of instruction
THEN
   ES:[dest-index] := [DX]; (* Reads byte at DX from I/O address space *)
   IF DF = 0 THEN IncDec := 1 ELSE IncDec := -1; FI;
FI;
IF OperandSize = 16
THEN
   ES:[dest-index] := [DX]; (* Reads word at DX from I/O address space *)
   IF DF = 0 THEN IncDec := 2 ELSE IncDec := -2; FI;
FI;
IF OperandSize = 32
THEN
   ES:[dest-index] := [DX]; (* Reads dword at DX from I/O address space *)
   IF DF = 0 THEN IncDec := 4 ELSE IncDec := -4; FI;
FI;
dest-index := dest-index + IncDec;
</PRE>

<H2>Description</H2>

INS transfers data from the input port numbered by the DX register to
the memory byte or word at ES:dest-index. The memory operand must
be addressable from ES; no segment override is possible. The destination
register is DI if the address-size attribute of the instruction is 16 bits,
or EDI if the address-size attribute is 32 bits.
<P>
INS does not allow the specification of the port number as an immediate
value. The port must be addressed through the DX register value. Load
the correct value into DX before executing the INS instruction.
<P>
The destination address is determined by the contents of the destination
index register. Load the correct index into the destination index register
before executing INS.
<P>
After the transfer is made, DI or EDI advances automatically. If the
direction flag is 0 (CLD was executed), DI or EDI increments; if the
direction flag is 1 (STD was executed), DI or EDI decrements. DI
increments or decrements by 1 if a byte is input, by 2 if a word is input,
or by 4 if a doubleword is input.
<P>
INSB, INSW and INSD are synonyms of the byte, word, and doubleword
INS instructions. INS can be preceded by the 
<A HREF="REP.htm">REP</A> prefix for block input of
CX bytes or words. Refer to the 
<A HREF="REP.htm">REP</A> instruction for details of this
operation.

<H2>Flags Affected</H2>

None

<H2>Protected Mode Exceptions</H2>

#GP(0) if CPL is numerically greater than IOPL and any of the
corresponding I/O permission bits in TSS equals 1; #GP(0) if the
destination is in a nonwritable segment; #GP(0) for an illegal memory
operand effective address in the CS, DS, ES, FS, or GS segments; #SS(0) for
an illegal address in the SS segment; #PF(fault-code) for a page fault

<H2>Real Address Mode Exceptions</H2>

Interrupt 13 if any part of the operand would lie outside of the effective
address space from 0 to 0FFFFH

<H2>Virtual 8086 Mode Exceptions</H2>

#GP(0) fault if any of the corresponding I/O permission bits in TSS
equals 1; #PF(fault-code) for a page fault


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